The Chicago Fire

Category : Region III

The Chicago Fire

Introduction

The Chicago fire occurred on 8th in the month of October during the year 1871. It left property worth millions destroyed. Besides this there were plenty of people who lost their lives while others had no place to call home. How the fire started

The fire originated at the barn yard of a couple; Mr. and Mrs. O’ Leary. Numerous suggestions have been made about possible causes of the fire, some of which were dismissed later. Investigations were made into causes of the fire by some Fire Commissioners and the Board of Police. After conducting interviews (they questioned fifty people) and looking at evidence surrounding the case, this Commission was still unable to determine what had caused the fire.

However some people had suggested that there was a spark blown by wind up a chimney and this started of the fire which spread through the City. Others have suggested that it had been caused by Mrs. O’ Leary by claiming that an animal at her barnyard kicked a lantern that set the whole place ablaze. Mrs. O’ Leary was acquitted off any charges after giving her testimonies. Others have also suggested that the fire could have been as a result of malice by some agency. Evidence to back all these claims was insufficient to get a culprit. [1

Chicago before the fire started

Source: Helmer, B. (1996): The Conflagration, retrieved from http://www.chicagohs.org/fire/ruin/index.ht

Chicago was a strategically located City within the US. It acted as a link between two parts of the American economy; that is agriculture which was mainly conducted in the Western part. It was also a converging point for all activities related to industries as was characterized by the Eastern region. The City's economy was represented by the numerous economic activities. There were ten railway lines. There was a busy river connecting to the lake. It was also characterized by over one thousand factories. The City was buzzing with activity as people were constantly trading goods, exchanging information and building their economy. [2

Conditions before the fire started

The City of Chicago had a lot of conditions that favored the spread of the fire. The first being that most of the buildings in the City were made up of materials that were conducive for the spread of the fire. It was mostly composed of wood. Besides this, the City had suffered from a drought and this greatly increased the chances of poor control in case a fire struck. Prior to that fateful day of 8th October, there had been a fire that had already exhausted fire fighters and drained some of the resources to be used in firefighting. This was also backed up by the fact that there were strong winds within the City from the North Eastern part of the region. All these factors formed fertile ground for the spread and subsequent destruction of the fire. [3

The Spread of the fire and why it took so long to die out

The Fire began at Mrs. O'Leary barn yard in Illinois during the evening hours on Sunday. It started spreading quickly and was reported to the fire department at around nine pm. However, the attendant left at the Fire Department simply dismissed it as part of the flames that had been witnessed during the previous day. He assumed that those flames were dying out. Some time later, the fire department attendant realized that it was actually a different fire from yesterdays. This was the point at which he deployed firefighters to that region. However, there was a misunderstanding between the fire alert and the firefighters as they did not trace the place immediately. More time wastage by the fire department meant that more property was getting destroyed. By the time the fire department got there, the fire had spiraled out of control. [Chicago State University Articles

Sc Osha Cites Charleston Fire Department

Category : Region I

Sc Osha Cites Charleston Fire Department

Charleston, SC (September 21, 2007) — South Carolina OSHA didn’t waste any time issuing its report on the June 18th Sofa Store fire in which nine Charleston Firefighters lost their lives. The summary, which was issued by the agency earlier today, cites the City of Charleston Fire Department with willful and serious violations that led to the death the firefighters.

In the notice of citation and penalty, there are four separate violations beginning with the willful violation. SC OSHA reports that the CFD “…knew or should have known that the command system does not provide for the overall safety of emergency personnel and their activities.”

The report adds three serious violations which include, no operating procedure for fighting a fire in a trussed roof building; that body protection was not required to be worn by the nine dead firemen; and that self contained breathing apparatus was not required to be worn at all times by four firemen who were exposed to smoke and toxic substances.

The total fine levied against the CFD is less than ,000. But according to firefighter safety advocate, Chief Billy Goldfeder, “The fine dollar amount isn’t really the issue at this point.” He continues, “The fact that they (the department) were found in violation and those violations directly contributed to the Line of Duty Deaths of nine CFD Firefighters is the issue.”

The citations, especially the willful violation, have rocked the firefighting world. In South Carolina, response from professional firefighters was quick. Michael Parrotta of the South Carolina Professional Firefighters Association says firefighters have lost faith in Chief Rusty Thomas, and called for his immediate resignation.

Just one day after the blaze, many firefighters urged that Thomas be suspended. But Charleston mayor, Joe Riley, has noted on several occasions that as long as he’s mayor, Thomas will remain the city’s fire chief. But TV journalist Sarah DeMarco notes in a recent report, “Some say if that’s the case, then maybe it’s also time for Riley to find a new job.“

“The new report is a clarion call for change.” says Charleston Firefighters Association Local 61 President Roger Yow.

“It’s no longer just fire fighters who claim the Charleston Fire Department is run in an unsafe manner,” Yow notes. “Now state officials also are condemning Chief Thomas’s failed leadership.”

Mayor Riley says the city will vigorously challenge citations for the safety violations issued by SC OSHA. He feels that the state agency “…has wrongly punished the city.

The sofa store fire that claimed the Charleston Nine is the worst on-the-job loss for the North American fire service since the events of 9/11/01, and the story is being followed closely by fire-rescue agencies around the world.

SC OSHA’s report is a wake up call for the fire service and has national ramifications. It sends a message to mayors, county executives and fire department board members, nationwide, to choose their leaders based on skill – not popularity.

During the past generation the fire service here in America has seen more change than it did during its first 300 years. In my mind it was just a matter of time before an incident, like the sofa fire in Charleston, took place. Quite possibly it could have occurred in some other American city, because CFD isn’t the only fire rescue agency that still operates in the past.

Chief Thomas’ choice to ignore firefighting procedures that have been universally accepted is clearly a disregard for the men and women who serve under him. It’s time for Thomas to step down, and allow the Charleston Fire Department to be rebuilt. It’s the best scenario for the citizens of one of America’s most beautiful cities – one that will allow Charleston firefighters to demonstrate their true skills and potential.

Resources for this commentary:

(1) SC OSHA Report http://media.charleston.net/pdf/OSHAreport.pdf

(2) News 4 Charleston

(3) The Secret List

(4) Photos by: Tyronne Walker