How To Build Muscle Quickly – Are Squats Really As Great As Some People Claim Them To Be

Posted by admin | Posted on 16-04-2011

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How To Build Muscle Quickly – Are Squats Really As Great As Some People Claim Them To Be

A research conducted by scientists from the University of Connecticut in 2005 found that high-volume, moderate-to-high-intensity weight training, using short rest intervals and stressing a large muscle mass, multiple joint exercises (legs, Chest, Back, shoulders) tended to produce the greatest acute hormonal elevations (notably testosterone and GH). In comparison low-volume, high-intensity resistance training methods using long rest intervals did not induce a similarly high hormonal response.

And that’s where it all started. That’s when people started claiming that squats are one of the best exercises that a muscle builder could have in his or her routine. That’s when people started regarding squats as the single most effective exercise for muscle gain. That’s when all the supposed benefits of performing squats started to get thrown around, among them are:

they have a huge potential in allowing you to pack on huge amounts of muscle mass onto your body;
they make your legs stronger, faster, quicker, and more “explosive”;
they help to engage and contract just about every muscle group in the body;
they improve posture and balance;
they prevent the occurrence of injuries;
and so much more.

But, squats really that great? Or are they just simply overrated?

Well, one thing is for sure, squats do not have magical testosterone increasing properties that help you add more muscle mass in your whole body.

Although it is true that high-intensity resistance training temporarily increases your testosterone and growth hormone level, this characteristic or phenomenon is not unique to squats.

Okay, let’s go back first to that research done by the scientists at the University of Connecticut. If you paid close attention you would have noticed that the scientists did not specifically mention squats in their research. What they did say is “high-volume, moderate-to-high-intensity weight training, using short rest intervals and stressing a large muscle mass, multiple joint exercises”.

There is no denying that squats are a great compound exercise that work your quads, hamstrings, glutes, core, and all the stabilizing muscles in your body all at the same time. It is a very easy exercise to do… you just need an olympic bar, a squat cage, and these are available in almost every gym on the planet.

If you’ll ask any power lifter or professional bodybuilder what their favorite exercise is, they’ll probably say squats. Some might even say that there is no substitute for squats and that you should always have squats as part of your routine.

Unfortunately, saying that squats have no substitute is simply not true. There are exercises that are not only terrific substitutes for squats, but they are also a lot safer to do. These include workouts using the leg press machine, the leg curl machine, and a game of basketball to work all your stabilizing muscles.

For an experienced power-lifter or bodybuilder, squats have some minimal risks. But for the inexperienced, squats can actually be a 911 call waiting to happen. All in all, regardless of the weight trainer’s skill level, it cannot be denied that squats do present some dangers. Furthermore, some coaches maintain that the common “half-squat” and “quarter squat” are ineffective and are likely to cause injury than full squats.

Squats present a couple of major risks. One is on your knees. But the more common and more serious risk are the ones that squats present to your back.

If you still remember from your high school Physics, more particularly Newton’s third law of motion (“to every action there is always opposed an equal reaction”), if you have a 495-pound bar sitting across your shoulders then the ground must be pushing back up with an equal but opposite force to keep you from sinking into the floor. Therefore, your spine is under 495 pounds of compression–that is 495 pounds of force pushing on each end of your spine. And that’s when you are just standing still. When you start moving up and down, that force will increase as a result of many factors (e.g., momentum, gravitational pull, angle/direction of motion, speed/acceleration of your motions, etc.).

If you use a leg press machine, on the other hand, only your legs are subjected to high amounts of forces. That is because on a leg press machine, forces are only applied only on your hips and on your feet. Your back or spine is not carrying any weight at all aside from what it is used to carrying (which is your body, your arms, and your head).

Some people might tell you that if you do your squats with good form you are eliminating your risks of suffering back injuries. However, this is again not true.

The thing is, not everyone’s spine can handle the immense compressive loads generated by squatting. It is true that a strong core and good squatting technique can make you more capable in handling that compressive load, but the fact remains that squats compress the spine.

Our spines are not designed for handling this vertical compressive load, period. It is one of the reasons why 10.2 percent of the north American population have chronic and delibitating back problems. Our spines are much better designed for being horizontal like a horse on all fours.

So, should you do squats or not?

Well, to tell you frankly, that is not a very easy question to answer.

The thing is, squats are great if you are between 18 to 40 years old. They’re also great if you have been taught how to perform them properly by a professional power lifting coach. Additionally, they are also great if you don’t have a family history of back problems. And lastly, performing squats are great if you have a squat cage with safety catch bars that are set at hip height or higher.

If you have all four of these satisfied, then squats are a great exercise. If not, you will be better off doing leg presses, leg curls, do other machines, and then go out and play a game of soccer or basketball to work your stabilizing muscles.

Keep in mind that building muscle is not only about lifting weights and doing it in a wide variety of ways. Building muscle is also about keeping your mind filled with valuable information–information that will keep you healthy, safe, and happy; information that will get you closer to your goal.

So train hard, eat right, and stay safe. No amount of muscle is worth getting yourself bound to a wheelchair for the rest of your life.

This article is written by Jonathan Castor. Castor enjoys writing and educating people about matters related to health and fitness. He has written many articles that focus primarily on the topic of muscle building. If you want to learn how to build muscle quickly, visit http://www.gainmusclebuildmuscle.com.


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Navajo people

Posted by admin | Posted on 17-02-2011

Category : Region II

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Navajo people

Housing

The Navajo traditionally live in octagonal houses known as hogans. Hogans are houses of forked poles and brush covered with earth. According to Kehoe, this style of housing is distinctive to the Navajo, even going as far as saying that, “even today, a solidly constructed, log walled Hogan is preferred by many Navajo families.” However, the Navajo have another style of housing. Around the 17th century, the Navajo built rectangular stone homes known as pueblitos. These pueblitos are believed to have been adopted by the Navajos from Pueblo culture, and resemble small Pueblo houses.

Subsistence

Until they came into contact with the Spanish and Pueblos, the Navajo were hunters and gatherers. They adopted farming techniques and crops from the Pueblo people, growing mainly corn, beans, and squash. As a result of Spanish influence, they began herding sheep and goats, depending on them for their use in trade and food. (Kehoe, 133) They turned harvested wool into blankets and clothing which could be used for trading or personal use. They also depended on their flocks of sheep for meat. Their lives depended on sheep so much that, to the Navajo, sheep were in a sense currency and a mark of social status.

History

Early history

The Navajo/Din speak dialects of the language family referred to as Athabaskan. These people were once a single ethnic group that probably came from near the Great Slave Lake, in the modern Northwest Territories of Canada, having crossed the Bering land bridge thousands of years previously. In addition to language speakers residing in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, Athabaskan speakers are also found living today in Alaska and parts of northern Canada. An aboriginal people known as Dene live in an area centered around Great Slave Lake and have communities in the far north of adjacent provinces. The Apache, living in the American Southwest and other nearby areas, are also Southern Athabaskan speakers and are closely related to the Navajo/Din. Despite the time elapsed, these people reportedly can still understand the language of their long-lost cousins, the Navajo.[citation needed]

Archaeological and historical evidence suggests that the Athabaskan ancestors of the Navajo and Apache entered the Southwest after 1000 AD, with substantial population increases occurring in the 13th century. Navajo oral traditions are said to retain references of this migration.

Navajo oral history also seems to indicate a long relationship with Pueblo people and a willingness to adapt foreign ideas into their own culture. Trade between the long-established Pueblo peoples and the Athabaskans was important to both groups. The Spanish records say by the mid 16th century, the Pueblos exchanged maize and woven cotton goods for bison meat, hides and material for stone tools from Athabaskans who either traveled to them or lived around them. In the 18th century, the Spanish reported that the Navajo had large numbers of livestock and large areas of crops. The Navajo probably adapted many Pueblo ideas into their own very different culture.

The Spanish first use the word Navajo (“Apachu de Nabajo”) specifically in the 1620s, referring to the people in the Chama valley region east of the San Juan River and northwest of Santa Fe. By the 1640s, the term Navajo was applied to these same people. The Spanish recorded in 1670s they were living in a region called Dinetah, which was about sixty miles (100 km) west of the Rio Chama valley region. In the 1780s, the Spanish were sending military expeditions against the Navajo in the southwest and west of that area, in the Mount Taylor and Chuska Mountain regions of New Mexico.

In the last 1,000 years, Navajos have a history of expanding their range and refining their self-identity and their significance to other groups. This probably resulted from a cultural combination of endemic warfare (raids) and commerce with the Pueblo, Apache, Ute, Comanche and Spanish peoples, set in the changing natural environment of the Southwest.

Conflict with Europeans

The Spanish started to establish a military force along the Rio Grande in the 17th century to the east of Dinetah (the Navajo homeland). Spanish records indicate that Apachean groups (which might include Navajo) allied themselves with the Pueblos over the next 21 years, successfully pushing the Spaniards out of this area following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Raiding and trading were part of traditional Apache and Navajo culture, and these activities increased following the introduction of the horse by the Spaniards, which increased the efficiency and frequency of raiding expeditions. The Spanish established a series of forts that protected new Spanish settlements and also separated the Pueblos from the Apaches. The Spaniards and later Mexicans recorded what are called punitive expeditions among the Navajo that also took livestock and human captives. The Navajo in turn raided settlements far away in a similar manner. This pattern continued, with the Athabaskan groups apparently growing to be more formidable foes through the 1840s until the United States Army arrived in the area.

New Mexico Territory

Manuelito, Navajo chief

Officially, the Navajos first came in contact with forces of the United States of America in 1846, when General Stephen W. Kearny invaded Santa Fe with 1,600 men during the Mexican American War. The Navajo did not recognize the change of government as legitimate. In September, Kearny sent two detachments to raid and subdue the Navajo. Kearny later took 300 men on an expedition to California from Santa Fe. As they traveled past Navajo homelands, his force lost livestock. He ordered another expedition against the Navajo, and this resulted in the first treaty with the United States government in November at Canyon de Chelly.

In the next 10 years, the U.S. established forts in traditional Navajo territory. Military records state this was to protect citizens and Navajo from each other. However, the old Spanish/Mexican-Navajo pattern of raids and expeditions against one another continued. New Mexican (citizen and militia) raids increased rapidly in 186061 earning it the Navajo name Naahondzood, “the fearing time.”

In 1861 Brigadier-General James H. Carleton, the new commander of the Federal District of New Mexico, initiated a series of military actions against the Navajo. Colonel Kit Carson was ordered by Carleton to conduct expedition into Navajoland and receive their surrender on July 20, 1863. A few Navajo surrendered. Carson was joined by a large group of New Mexican militia volunteer citizens and these forces moved through Navajo land killing Navajos and destroying any Navajo crops, livestock or dwellings they came across. Facing starvation, Navajos groups started to surrender in what is known as The Long Walk.

Long Walk

Main article: Long Walk of the Navajo

Starting in the spring of 1864, around 9,000 Navajo men, women and children were forced on The Long Walk of over 300 miles (480 km) to Fort Sumner, New Mexico. This was the largest reservation (called Bosque Redondo)[citation needed] attempted by the U.S. government. It was a failure for a combination of reasons. It was designed to supply water, wood, supplies, and livestock for 4,0005,000 people, it had one kind of crop failure after another, other tribes and civilians were able to raid the Navajo, and a small group of Mescalero Apaches had been moved there. In 1868, a treaty was negotiated that allowed the surviving Navajos to return to a reservation that was a portion of their former nation.

Conflict on the Reservation

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The United States military continued to maintain the forts. Some Navajo were employed by the military as ndian Scouts through 1895. A Navajo Tribal Police operated between 1872 and 1875 and was used by the Navajo themselves to stop raiders from their tribe; it was created by Manuelito.

By treaty, the Navajo people were allowed to leave the reservation with permission to trade. Raiding by the Navajo essentially stopped, because they were able to increase the size of their livestock and crops, and not have to risk losing them to others. However, while the initial reservation increased from 3.5 million acres (14,000 km) to the 16 million acres (65,000 km) of today, economic conflicts with the non-Navajo continued. Civilians and companies raided resources that had been assigned to the Navajo. Livestock grazing leases, land for railroads, and mining permits are a few examples of actions taken by agencies of the U.S. government who could and did do such things on a regular basis.

Navajo woman & child

Regional newspapers have many accounts of Navajo and non-Navajo conflicts in this period. These conflicts were often embellished, for political purposes, by regional politicians. In some of these accounts, every Navajo was just about to leave the reservation and pillage the countryside or worse. While it is probably true that some Navajo strayed, it is equally true that some white citizens clearly strayed from the laws of the land themselves. In their reports, the U.S. Military never seemed to be that alarmed about a Navajo uprising, and they clearly did not want the Navajo stirred up by their neighbors.

In 1883, Lt. Parker went up to the San Juan River to separate Navajos and citizens who encroached on Navajo land with 10 enlisted men and two scouts. In the same year, Lt. Lockett, with the aid of 42 enlisted soldiers, was joined by Lt. Holomon at Navajo Springs. Evidently, citizens of the surname(s) Houck and/or Owens had murdered a Navajo chief’s son and 100 armed Navajos were consequently looking for them.

In 1887, citizens Palmer, Lockhart, and King fabricate a charge of horse stealing and attack a random home on the reservation. Two Navajo men and all three whites died, but a woman and a child survived. Capt Kerr (with two Navajo scouts) examined the ground and then met with several hundred Navajo at Houcks Tank. Rancher Bennett, whose horse was allegedly stolen, pointed out to Kerr that his horses were stolen by the three whites to catch a horse thief. In the same year, Lt. Scott went to the San Juan River with two scouts and 21 enlisted men. The Navajo believed Lt. Scott was there to drive off the whites who have settled on the reservation and have fenced off the river from the Navajo. Scott tells them to wait, and he finds evidence of many non-Navajo ranches. However, only three are active, and the owners refuse to leave, wanting payment for their improvements. Scott ejected them.

In 1890, a local rancher refuses to pay the Navajo a fine of livestock. The Navajos try to collect it, and whites in southern Colorado and Utah claim that 9,000 of the Navajo people are on a warpath. A small military detachment out of Fort Wingate restores white citizens to order.

In 1913, an Indian agent orders a Navajo and his three wives to come in, and then arrests them for having a plural marriage. A small group of Navajo use force to free the women and retreat to Beautiful Mountain with 30 or 40 sympathizers. They refuse to surrender to the agent, and local law enforcement and military refuse the agent’s request for an armed engagement. General Scott arrives, and with the help of Chee Dodge, defuses the situation.

In the 1930s, the United States government took action against the Navajo that was as culturally and economically devastating as the Long Walk. The United States government claimed the Navajos livestock was overgrazing the land. In another experiment, it decided to immediately kill over 80% of their livestock in what is known as the Navajo Livestock Reduction and start a permit system.

There were people who were sympathetic to the plight of the Navajo. In 1937, Mary Cabot Wheelright and Hastiin Klah, an esteemed and influential Navajo singer, or medicine man, founded The Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian as a repository for sound recordings, manuscripts, paintings, and sandpainting tapestries of the Navajo people and a place to sense the beauty, dignity, and profound logic of Navajo religion. When he met Cabot in 1921, Klah had witnessed decades of relentless efforts by the United States government and by missionaries to assimilate the Navajo people into mainstream society. Children were removed from their homes and placed in boarding schools, where they were punished for speaking their language and forced to adopt Christianity. The museum was founded to preserve the religion and traditions of the Navajo people, which Klah was sure would soon be lost forever.

In the 1940s, during World War II, the United States denied the Navajos relief because of the Navajos communal society. Eventually, in December 1947, the Navajos were provided relief in the post war period to relieve the hunger that they had to endure for many years.

Culture

A Navajo boy on horseback, in 2007, in Monument Valley, Arizona

Sheep remain an important aspect in Navajo Tradition and Culture.

The name avajo comes from the late 18th century via the Spanish (Apaches de) Navaj “(Apaches of) Navaj”, which was derived from the Tewa navah “fields adjoining a ravine”. The Navajo call themselves Din, which means “the people”. Nonetheless, most Navajo now acquiesce to being called “Navajo.”

Traditionally, like other Apacheans, the Navajo were semi-nomadic from the 16th through the 20th centuries. Their extended kinship groups would have seasonal dwelling areas to accommodate livestock, agriculture and gathering practices. As part of their traditional economy, Navajo groups may have formed trading or raiding parties, traveling relatively long distances.

A Navajo man working as a tourist guide, in 2007, in Monument Valley, Arizona

Historically, the structure of the Navajo society is largely a matrilocal system in which only women were allowed to own livestock and land. Once married, a Navajo man would move into his bride’s dwelling and clan since daughters (or, if necessary, other female relatives) were traditionally the ones who received the generational inheritance. Any children are said to belong to the mother’s clan and be “born for” the father’s clan. The clan system is exogamous, meaning it was, and mostly still is, considered a form of incest to marry or date anyone from any of a person’s four grandparents clans.

Navajo hogan

A hogan is the traditional Navajo home. These eight-sided houses are made of wood and covered in mud, with the door always facing east to welcome the sun each morning.

For those who practice the Navajo religion the hogan is considered sacred. The religious song “The Blessingway” describes the first hogan as being built by Coyote with help from beavers to be a house for First Man, First Woman, and Talking God. The Beaver People gave Coyote logs and instructions on how to build the first hogan. Navajos made their hogans in the traditional fashion until the 1900s, when they started to make them in hexagonal and octagonal shapes. Today they are rarely used as actual dwellings, but are maintained primarily for ceremonial purposes.

The Navajo people traditionally hold the four sacred mountains as the boundaries of the homeland they should never leave: Blanca Peak (Tsisnaasjini’ Dawn or White Shell Mountain) in Colorado, Mount Taylor (Tsoodzil Blue Bead or Turquoise Mountain) in New Mexico, the San Francisco Peaks (Doko’oosliid Abalone Shell Mountain) in Arizona, and Hesperus Mountain (Dib Nitsaa Big Mountain Sheep) in Colorado.

Arts and crafts

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Silver Work

19th Century Navajo jewelry with the popular concho and dragonfly designs.

Silversmithing is said to have been introduced to the Navajo while they were in captivity at Fort Sumner in eastern New Mexico in 1864. At that time Atsidi Sani learned silversmithing and began teaching others the craft as well. By 1880 Navajo silversmiths were creating handmade jewelry including bracelets, tobacco flasks, necklaces, bow guards. Later smiths also made earrings, buckles, bolos, hair ornaments and pins. Turquoise has been used with jewelry by the Navajo for hundreds of years, but they did not use turquoise inlay, in silver, until the past century.

Weaving

Navajo weaver with sheep

Though some people say the Navajo learned the art of weaving from the Pueblo people, the origins of Navajo weaving may never be known. The first Spaniards to visit the region wrote about seeing Navajo blankets. By the 18th century the Navajo had begun to import yarn with their favorite color, Bayeta red. Using an upright loom the Navajos made almost exclusively utilitarian blankets. Little patterning and few colors on almost all blankets, except for the much sought after Chief’s Blanket, which evolved from the 1st Phase, few wide bands, to the 2nd phase, wide bands with squares on the corners, to the 3rd Phase, which made more and more use of patterns and colors. Around the same time the Navajo people, who had long started traded for commercial wool, often from the uniforms of soldiers, rewove these into intricate multicolored blankets called Germantown.

Navajo art

Some early American settlers moved in and set up trading posts, often buying Navajo Rugs by the pound and selling them back east by the bale. Still these traders encouraged the locals to weave blankets and rugs into distinct styles. They included “Two Gray Hills” (predominantly black and white, with traditional patterns), “Teec Nos Pos” (colorful, with very extensive patterns), “Ganado” (founded by Don Lorenzo Hubbell), red dominated patterns with black and white, “Crystal” (founded by J. B. Moore), oriental and Persian styles (almost always with natural dyes), “Wide Ruins”, “Chinlee”, banded geometric patterns, “Klagetoh”, diamond type patterns, “Red Mesa” and bold diamond patterns. Many of these patterns exhibit a fourfold symmetry, which is thought by Gary Witherspoon to embody traditional ideas about harmony or hzh.

Notable Navajo artists, dancers, and musicians

Ryan Singer, Navajo painter

Orville Tsinnie, silversmith/goldsmith

Atsidi Sani, silversmith

Raven Chacon, composer

Hosteen Klah, weaver

R.C. Gorman, painter

Yazzie Johnson, jeweler

Gerald Nailor, Sr., painter

R. Carlos Nakai, musician

Clara Sherman, weaver

Tommy Singer, silversmith

Jock Soto, ballet dancer

Douglas Spotted Eagle, musician

Emmi Whitehorse, painter

Melanie Yazzie, printmaker

Blackfire, rock band

James and Ernie, comic duo

Reggie Mitchell, martial artist

James Bilagody, Comedian, Song Writer, Recording Artist

Healing and spiritual practices

Navajo man in ceremonial dress with mask and body paint, c. 1904.

Navajo spiritual practice is about restoring health, balance, and harmony to a person’s life. One exception to the concept of healing is the Beauty Way ceremony: the Kinaald, or a female puberty ceremony. Others include the Hooghan Blessing Ceremony and the “Baby’s First Laugh Ceremony.” Otherwise, ceremonies are used to heal illnesses, strengthen weakness, and give vitality to the patient. Ceremonies restore Hozh, or beauty, harmony, balance, and health.

When suffering from illness or injury, Navajos will traditionally seek out a certified, credible Hataii (medicine man) for healing, before turning to Western medicine (e.g., hospitals). The medicine man will use several methods to diagnose the patient’s ailments. This may include using special tools such as crystal rocks, and abilities such as hand-trembling and Hata (chanting prayer). The medicine man will then select a specific healing chant for that type of ailment. Short prayers for protection may only take a few hours, and in some cases, the patient is expected to do a follow-up afterwards. This may include the avoidance of sexual relations, personal contact, animals, certain foods, and certain activities; it is not unlike a doctor’s advice.

Possible causes of ailments could be the result of violating taboos. Contact with lightning-struck objects, exposure to taboo animals such as snakes, and contact with the dead are some of reasons for healing. Protection ceremonies, especially the Blessing Way Ceremony, are used for Navajos that leave the boundaries of the four sacred mountains, and is used extensively for Navajo warriors or soldiers going to war. Upon re-entry, there is an Enemy Way Ceremony, or Nid’, performed on the person, to get rid of the evil things in his/her body, and to restore balance in his/her life. This is also important for Navajo warriors/soldiers returning from battle. Warriors or soldiers often suffer spiritual or psychological damage from participating in warfare, and the Enemy Way Ceremony helps restore harmony to the person, mentally and emotionally.

There are also ceremonies used for curing people from curses. Many people often complain of witches and skin-walkers that do harm to their minds, bodies, and even families. Ailments aren’t necessarily physical. It can take any form it wishes. The medicine man is often able to break the curses that witches and skin-walkers put on families. Mild cases do not take very long, but for extreme cases, special ceremonies are needed to drive away the evil spirits. In these cases, the medicine man may find curse objects implanted inside the victim’s body. These objects are used to cause the person pain and illness. Examples of such objects include bone fragments, rocks and pebbles, bits of string, snake teeth, owl feathers, and even turquoise jewelry.

There are said to be approximately fifty-eight to sixty sacred ceremonies. Most of them last four days or more; to be most effective, they require that relatives and friends attend and help out. Outsiders are often discouraged from participating in case they become a burden to others or violate a taboo. This could affect the turnout of the ceremony. The ceremony must be done in precisely the correct manner to heal the patient. This includes everyone that is involved.

Medicine men must be able to correctly perform a ceremony from beginning to end. If he does not, the ceremony will not work. Training a Hataii to perform ceremonies is extensive, arduous, and takes many years, and is not unlike priesthood, with the governing body or hierarchy omitted. The apprentice learns everything by watching his teacher, and memorizes the words to all the chants. Many times, a medicine man cannot learn all sixty of the ceremonies, so he will opt to specialize in a select few.

The origin of spiritual healing ceremonies dates back to Navajo mythology. It is said the first Enemy Way ceremony was performed for Changing Woman’s twin sons (Monster Slayer and Born-For-the-Water) after slaying the Giants (the Y’ii) and restoring Hozh to the world and people. The patient identifies with Monster Slayer through the chants, prayers, sandpaintings, herbal medicine and dance.

Another Navajo healing, the Night Chant ceremony, is administered as a cure for most types of head ailments, including mental disturbances. The ceremony, conducted over several days, involves purification, evocation of the gods, identification between the patient and the gods, and the transformation of the patient. Each day entails the performance of certain rites and the creation of detailed sand paintings. On the ninth evening a final all-night ceremony occurs, in which the dark male thunderbird god is evoked in a song that starts by describing his home:

In Tsegihi [White House],

In the house made of the dawn,

In the house made of the evening light

(Sandner, p. 88)

The medicine man proceeds by asking the Holy People to be present, then identifying the patient with the power of the god and describing the patient’s transformation to renewed health with lines such as “Happily I recover.” (Sandner, p. 90). The same dance is repeated throughout the night, about forty eight times. Altogether the Night Chant ceremony takes about ten hours to perform, and ends at dawn.

In the media

In 2000 the documentary The Return of Navajo Boy was shown at the Sundance Film Festival. It was written in response to an earlier film, The Navajo Boy which was somewhat exploitative of the Navajo People involved. The Return of Navajo Boy allowed the Navajo People to be more involved in the depicting of their own people.

See also

Shonto Begay, Din painter

Blackfire

Navajo (disambiguation)

Navajo-Churro sheep

Navajo Code Talker

Navajo language

Navajo-language films

Navajo Nation

Navajo mythology

Navajo pueblitos

Notes

^ “The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000″. Census 2000 Brief. 2002-02-01. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf. Retrieved 2007-03-10. 

^ a b Kehoe, 133

^ For example, the Great Canadian Parks website suggests that the Navajo may be descendants the lost Naha tribe, a Slavey tribe from the Nahanni region west of Great Slave Lake. “Nahanni National Park Reserve”. Great Canadian Parks. http://canadianparks.com/northwest/nahninp/page2.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-02. 

^ Hosteen Klah page 102 and others

^ Nash, Gary B., Julie Roy Jeffrey, John R. Howe, Peter J. Frederick, Allen F. Davis, Allan M. Winkler, Charlene Mires, and Carla Gardina Pestana. The American People, Concise Edition Creating a Nation and a Society, Combined Volume (6th Edition), 847. New York: Longman, 2007.

^ Bernstein, Alison R. American Indians and World War II Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs. New York: University of Oklahoma P, 1999.

^ “Synopsis”. navajoboy.com. http://www.navajoboy.com/press.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-26. 

References

Bailey, L. R. (1964). The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 18461868.

Bighorse, Tiana. (1990). Bighorse the Warrior. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Brown, Dee (1970). Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. ISBN 0-330-23219-3. 

Brugge, David M. (1968). Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico 16941875. Window Rock, Arizona: Research Section, The Navajo Tribe. 

Clarke, Dwight L. (1961). Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press a

Downs, James F. (1972). The Navajo. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

Dyke, Walter (1967). Son of Old Man Hat. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press. LCCN 44-2654. 

Forbes, Jack D. (1960). Apache, Navajo and Spaniard. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. LCCN 60-13480. 

Gilpin, Laura. (1968). The Enduring Navaho. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Gold, Peter (1994). Navajo & Tibetan Sacred Wisdom: The Circle of the Spirit. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International. ISBN 0-89281-411-X. .

Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940). Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 15401542. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Henderson, Richard.(1994). eplicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains. Plains Anthropologist, V39:14559

Iverson, Peter. (2002). Din: A History of the Navahos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2714-1

Kehoe, Alice Beck. North American Indians a comprehensive account. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 2005. Print.

Kelly, Lawrence (1970). Navajo Roundup, Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado.

Kluckholm, Clyde & Leighton, Dorothea (1946). The Navaho. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.

Loewen, James. W. (1999). Lies Across America. Pages 100101; The New Press.

McNitt, Frank. (1972). Navajo Wars. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Newcomb, Franc Johnson (1964). Hosteen Klah: Navajo Medicine Man and Sand Painter. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. LCCCN 64-20759. 

Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.

Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (editor). Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.

Compiled (1974). Roessel, Ruth. ed. Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. ISBN 0-912586-18-4. 

Terrell, J. U. (1970). The Navajos.

Underhill, Ruth M. (1956). The Navahos. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press.

Witherspoon, Gary. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Witte, Daniel. Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Navajo and Richard Henry Pratt

Zaballos, Nausica. (2009). Le systme de sant navajo. Paris: L’Harmattan. ISBN: 978-2-296-07975-5

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Navajo

Middle Ground Project of Northern Colorado University with images of U.S. documents of treaties and reports 18461931

Navajo People information by State of Utah

A Brief Overview of the Navajo People (as of October 18, 2004)

Navajo Silversmiths, by Washington Matthews, 1883 from Project Gutenberg

Navajo Institute for Social Justice

Navajo Jewelry Information

Navajo Artcrafts Website created by students of GreyHills Academy High School in Tuba City AZ.

Navajo weaving

Historic photos of Navajo people, Timothy H. O’Sullivan, photographer

Spanish-Navajo dictionary on line AULEX

Navajo Tourism Website for the Navajo Tourism Department

Non-Profit Navajo Arts & Crafts Enterprise

 ”Navajo Indians”. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Navajo_Indians. 

The Long Trail, by Jessa Gamble, Up Here magazine (Yellowknife, NT). Archaeological ties between Dene and Dineh.

archive.org search for archive collections about the navajo

The Return of Navajo Boy, a documentary showing how Navajos have been depicted historically

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Navajo Nation

People and culture

Navajo people  Navajo language  Navajo music  Navajo mythology  Din College  Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation   Navajo Nation Council Chamber   Chapter houses   Navajo rug   Navajo-Churro sheep

History

Navajo Wars  Long Walk of the Navajo  Navajo Scouts  Navajo pueblitos  Code talker  Dinetah  Barboncito  Manuelito  Narbona

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Six Famous People From Nebraska

Posted by admin | Posted on 14-01-2011

Category : Region I

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Six Famous People From Nebraska

SIX  FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM NEBRASKA

STERLING MORTON  was Secretary of Agriculture under President Grover Cleveland .  He was born in Adams, Jefferson County, New York on April 22, 1832. and raised in Detroit.  After graduating from the University of Michigan in 1854 he and his wife, Caroline, moved to Nebraska-before it was even organized as a territory, and staked out a claim in Nebraska City.  He became the editor of the Nebraska City News.  In 1858, President Buchanan appointed him Secretary of the Nebraska Territory, an office he held until 1861.  He was also acting governor from 1858-1859.  He was an agriculturalist who enjoyed instructing people in the newest techniques of farming and forestry. One  significant thing he accomplished was the founding of Arbor Day.   He was well-known in Nebraska for his political, agricultural and literary activities.  From there he was appointed as Secretary of Agriculture. 
Morton is a member of the Nebraska Hall of Fame.  His son Joy Morton was the founder of the Morton Salt Company.  Sterling’s love for forest and field and farm was passed on to his son Joy, who made a living history museum out of his 1700 acre estate with over 4,000 types of trees, shrubs and other woody plants.  The mission of this enterprise was to encourage the planting of trees and promote the love of nature.  Morton passed away on April 27, 1902, at the age of 70.

SUSAN LaFLESCHE PICOTTE  was the first American Indian woman to become a doctor in the United States.  She was born on the Omaha Reservation  on June 17, 1865.  She went to school in Nebraska until she was fourteen and then went to New Jersey where she attended the Elizabeth Institute for Young Ladies.   She then taught at the Quaker Mission School on the reservation for a couple of years.  She eventually went back East to attend the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1889 at the top of the class.  She did her internship in Philadelphia and then went back to Nebraska to provide health care for her people on the government boarding school there.  In 1913, she opened up a hospital in Walthill, Nebraska.  She died on September 18, 1915, at the age of 50, cause unknown.

WILELLA SIEBERT CATHER (Willa Cather) was born in 1873 near Winchester, Virginia.  In 1884, she and her family moved to Red Cloud, Nebraska.  This is where she spent the remainder of her childhood.  The town was made famous in her writings that include “The Prairie Trilogy”, “My Antonia”, & “The Song of the Lark”
Cather was elected to the Nebraska Hall of Fame, and in 1986 she was inducted into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame.  She died on April 24, 1947, in New York City.  She was 73.

EDWIN ELIJAH PERKINS   was  born on January 8, 1889 in Lewis, Iowa.  His family moved to Nebraska in 1893.  As a child of eleven he started experimenting with different products.  By the 1920s, he had a line of about 125 items that could be sold door-to-door and by mail.  Of all these, the product he is best known for was his invention of  Kool-Aid in 1927, in Hastings, Nebraska.  It became a household name and it made him a rich man.  He died in 1961, after a long illness, at the age of 72.

JOHN WILLIAM CARSON   was born in Corning, Iowa on October 23, 1925.  When he was eight years old, the family moved to Norfolk, Nebraska where he grew up. He started college, but left after a year to join the Navy in 1943. He began performing on radio and television in Omaha.  He hosted several shows before beginning The Tonight Show in 1962.  He kept that job for 30 years until 1992.
He died of complications from emphysema on January 25, 2005, at the age of 79.

  WARREN EDWARD BUFFET , American investor, businessman, and philanthropist was born in Omaha, Nebraska on August 30, 1930.  He is considered one of the most successful investors in history.  He is the primary shareholder and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and Forbes ranked him the richest man in the world.  His estimated net worth is approximately billion.  In 2009, after he donated billions of his wealth to charity he was only the second richest man in the U.S., outranked only by Bill Gates.  Buffet is called the Oracle of Omaha or the Sage of Omaha.

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Different Sensations For Different People

Posted by admin | Posted on 04-01-2011

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Different Sensations For Different People

Dr. An Van Pham O.M.D L. Ac who specializes in acupuncture in pain management, CA is a graduate of San Francisco State University and was licensed as an acupuncturist in 1981 in California. He also received a Doctorate of Oriental Medicine from the San Francisco College of Acupuncture in 1986 and was a Diplomat of the National Board of Acupuncture Orthopedics, with postgraduate training in acupuncture for musculoskeletal conditions. With 29 years of experience, he gained proficiency with Chinese herbal medicine and treats conditions with auricular (ear-based) acupuncture.

Pham’s Clinic specializes on acupuncture in San Jose, CA. Acupuncture which is widely known in China, releases pain killing endorphins thus strengthens the immune system by increasing the T cell counts. This is very effective for those who have allergies and chronic fatigue conditions such as fibromyalgia. Acupuncture, CA is the procedure of inserting needles and manipulating it into the various points of the body to alleviate pain and for therapeutic purposes. The insertion of needles in various points produces different sensations for different people but the overall effect is relaxing. Together with herbal medicine, acupuncture can increase an individual’s immunity system, their energy level and purge toxins to help eliminate disease.

Acupuncture in pain management, San Jose is a type of therapy that is proven effective for unlocking your body’s natural healing powers. This integrative medicine, CA will give you freedom from suffering; better and more satisfying health; greater happiness; longer life; more energy and vitality; peace of mind; improved appearance; greater productivity; general physical endurance; stronger immune system; youthfulness; better of life and guarantees money well spent.

San Jose, CA-based Pham’s Acupuncture Clinic offers integrative medicine treatment for common conditions such as:

MUSCULOSKELETAL
• Neck pain
• Shoulder pain, Frozen Shoulder
• Back pain, Knee pain
• Sciatica, Leg pain
• Sprains & strains
• Whiplash injury
• Cervical syndrome
• Tendinitis, Tennis Elbow
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Fibromyalgia
• Myofascia

NEUROLOGIC
• Stroke residuals
• Facial paralysis
• Headaches
• Migraines
• Post -op pain
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Intercostal neuralgia

GASTROINTESTINAL
• Acid Reflux -Indigestion-Heartburn
• Constipation – Chronic Diarrhea
• Nausea in pregnancy
• Dizziness – Vomiting
• Hemorrhoids

GYNECOLOGICAL
• PMS Cramps
• Irregular menses
• Dysmenorrhea
• Amenorrhea
• Menorrhagia
• Leucorrhea
• Menopausal Syndrome
• Infertility
• Uterine Myoma
• Night sweats

PEDIATRIC
• Bedwetting
• Poor appetite
• Hyperactive

EMOTIONAL / PSYCHIATRIC
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Nervousness
• Insomnia
• Hysteria

EAR, NOSE, THROAT
• Tinnitus
• Meniere’s Syndrome
• Sinusitis
• Chronic cough

OTHER
• Weight Control
• Hay fever – Allergy – Asthma
• Skin diseases: acne – wrinkles- shingles – eczema
• Hypertension
• Diabetes Management
• Chronic fatigue
• Gout
• Vertigo

FOR FREE CONSULTATION OR ONLINE APPOINTMENT CONTACT US AT:
Van An Pham, O.M.D
2360 McKee Medical Center
Suite 8
San Jose, CA 95116
Ph : 408-926-9787
Fax : 408-926-6918
DrPham@phamilyacupuncture.com

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What is Wrong With Black People? – Post-slave Psychology, Afrocentricity, Colonialism and Black Africa’s Cultural Integrity

Posted by admin | Posted on 03-12-2010

Category : Region IV

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What is Wrong With Black People? – Post-slave Psychology, Afrocentricity, Colonialism and Black Africa’s Cultural Integrity

The “Karma” is a spiritual concept that is mostly taught in Buddhism and Hinduism. It is defined as the sum of a person’s actions, especially intentional actions, regarded as determining that parson’s future states of existence. But, the Jainists, in India, have also used this term to designate some type of subtle physical matter that binds a person’s soul to earthly tribulations as a result of bad actions. In fact, the ‘Karma’ is seen as the mechanism that underlie a person’s fate or destiny, either physically or spiritually, as effect from cause. It is what most mystics refer to as a “cosmic law of compensation.”

The particularity of this law is that it only, or most essentially, affects what is known as the “superior animal kingdom” or the “kingdom of highly conscious animals”, meaning “humans”. The law presupposes that for man’s every action that has an effect – positive or negative – on another man, there is a boomerang effect with equivalent consequences on the perpetrator. In other words, “he that shall kill by the sword must be killed by the sword,” as voiced in Apocalypse 13:10; which means that if you kill a man in a certain way, you must get killed pretty much exactly the same sort of way. If you insult someone, you shall be insulted pretty much exactly the same sort of way. Anything you do to anyone shall be done to you in return exactly the same sort of way.

However, this law remains in considerable disrepute and is almost controversial because it seems to pose some serious problems to our understanding of divine mysteries. If the Karma really exists, why is it that some people who have killed or who have ordered killings by fire guns end up dying of a heart attack or a long illness? (Think of Slobodan Milosevic or Joseph Mobutu). Where is the Karma in these cases?

To this question, the most common answer that we are given by those who know a few things about divine mysteries is that “you don’t have to get your compensation in the same incarnation in which you caused pain or death to others. You may well die of natural causes to that incarnation (if the mechanisms of the cosmic laws don’t precipitate your compensation in the same incarnation); but you will then have to be born again (to be reincarnated), when you will eventually get killed the same sort of way.

This is, in my appreciation, a very understandable answer (if we are willing to believe in reincarnation). In fact, we are held to believe in it if we are to understand the reason why some killers don’t die the same sort of way in which they had killed other people. However, there is another problem of procedure that comes up at this level. What happens if you kill 300 people in one incarnation?

In the knowledge of some spiritual teachers, it is taught that, on principle, you may have to reincarnate 300 times to get killed 300 times, exactly the same way in which you killed your 300 victims, one by one. And if you keep killing more people during these successive compensatory incarnations, the bill will only get bigger and longer to pay over more and more reincarnations.

Well, it seems that there is ground to take on board this explanation too. Indeed, it sounds pretty logical. Killing is not like the rest of sins. Killing ends life. If you cause a man to lose an eye, and cause another man to lose an arm, you may well get both compensations in one incarnation and end up like Francisco Franco. Or else, if you cause two men to lose both their arms each, since you only have two arms, you might have to lose both your arms in two different incarnations; in the meantime you can still receive many other compensations in the same incarnations in addition to the loss of your arms. But if you kill, you have to get killed, and once you die you cannot take any more compensations.

The problem that we are facing here is that people like Paul Pot, who killed millions, may have to reincarnate millions of times; which may take thousands and thousands of years for the cosmic law to settle the account of only one single sinner. What is the end of this?

To answer this question, the teachers say that, in this sort of situation, the law of the Karma has to call upon a section or segment of itself known as the “law of consolidation”. It means that the numerous killings that you may have perpetrated may be consolidated into one, making it possible for you to get killed only once the same sort of way. This mostly happens if the people that you killed or whose death you ordered died the same sort of way. In Christian mysticism, it is known that it was this law that descended upon John the Baptist – if you see what I mean –; think of Elijah and the 150 priests of Baal (Kings 18:40), and then refer to Matthew’s testimony of Jesus’ ministry (Matthew 11:14) to find out whose reincarnation Jesus informs us that John the Baptist was) – I hope that you already know how John died; so you can understand what I am saying.

We are back to square one, almost, if we consider the question as to what happens if you kill or order the killing of three million people in different deadly conditions and circumstances. To settle this issue too, what the teachers say is that the “law of consolidation” will still consolidate your three million different types of killings into one, and make you die only once the average kind of death between them all. This means that the Cosmic Law has to make use of a mathematical principle – take all the different three million ways and levels of feeling the fear, anguish, sorrow and pain leading to death as endured by each victim, sum them up, and divide them by the number of victims, to get the average death experience that the killer has to endured, only once.

From this point, it seems pretty clear, in a nutshell, that the Karma is the cosmic law under which one gets inflicted the same type of pain that one has inflicted to other people, either in the same incarnation or in a future incarnation, with the option to consolidate several deadly inflictions into one average kind of compensation.

Now, despite the clarity of the explanations that are brought forward to alleviate some of the technical controversies found over this special cosmic law, a lot of people still refuse to believe in it mostly for moral reasons. The most important one of those moral reasons is that the law of the Karma seems to presuppose that evil will never end on earth. It even seems to presuppose that God is stuck in a vicious circle, even in the light of the law of consolidation, since those who are put into motion to kill former killers have to get killed too. The number of times they have to get killed does not matter in this issue. The thing is that they will have to get killed at least once by someone who will also have to get killed at least once, and so on; which makes sinning and re-sinning an eternal activity on earth, not just because of evil, but because of God’s own law. Is this how it is meant to be? Where is the sinless Kingdom of Heaven that has to come?

To appease those who refuse to believe in the law of the Karma on these grounds, there is a very straightforward answer to the question. In fact, it is said that the spirit of the Karma has to invoke another three laws from its own bosom at this level to remedy the situation. The first one is known as the “law of balance.” This law stipulates that if you do exactly or approximately as much good as evil (like, say, you kill someone to save someone else’s live, like warriors who kill a group of people with the intention to protect another group of people – Milosevic might fall into this category), then your own good deeds will engulf your wrongdoings automatically. This means that you will never have to get killed for your killings, since those that you saved and protected by killing others justify your actions. What this law does, eventually, is to reduce the number of compensation executors considerably, decreasing the circle of killings on earth to a great extent. At the end of the day, most people who do evil things don’t just do evil things all the time. They do an awful lot of good things too.

The second law that comes into play is the “law of innocence.” In fact, what constitutes a sin in the eyes of the Cosmic Law is the intention, not the action. We commonly call it ‘premeditation’ in human law. By contrast, a child that plays with a charged gun, with no intention whatsoever to kill its father but ends up killing him accidentally for his bad Karma, such a child will have no compensation to collect from such innocent killing. The child will remain pure as if it had never done anything evil at all, and therefore will need no compensation executor at any point in its live or successive lives.

The third law that intervenes here is the ‘law of passive execution’. It is a process by which a compensation execution is taken charge of by an element other than an independent human being. It comprises not only compensations executed in the form of self-harm, including suicide, but also those carried out by ferocious animals, venomous reptiles, dangerous machines etc. etc. – any elements, both natural and artificial, that are likely to cause harm or death. Lethal snakebites, fatal car crashes, deadly viruses and the rest of such tragic occurrences in the absence of a human executor fall into this category.

Mathematically, we get another considerable decrease in the number of compensation executors through the ‘law of passive execution’ as we do through the ‘law of innocence’ and the ‘law of balance’. This means that the more wrong doings we get through the “law of balance” and the “law of innocence”, the less people will be needed to kill former killers, or to do harm to former wrongdoers. It also means that the more suicides, crashes and incurable diseases we get, the less humans will be needed for Karmic executions. In the end, thus, the number of intentional wrongdoings will near zero towards infinity – like in an inverse mathematical function – and humanity will become purer and purer, sinless. This way the vicious circle will eventually be broken, making it possible for the Kingdom of Salvation to settle among us.

This is how the whole thing is explained. And I hope that we understand all of it. In fact, the law of the Karma is a very practical law; even more practical than human justice; and is too intelligent to get stuck in any kind of endless cycle.

Meanwhile, there is one thing that I need to point out before we part. It is even for this reason that I chose to preface this book by invoking the law of the Karma. I have personally been struggling with this law for quite some time. And the one single reason why I have been struggling with it is historical. If the Karma truly presupposes that man ‘B’ has to get inflicted the same sort of pain as the one that he inflicted to man ‘A’ by man ‘C’, I have, however, been struggling to imagine a human race that the law of the Karma is going to charge with the duty to treat White people exactly the same sort of way in which White people have treated Black people over the past five hundred years.

What is this race that is going to be created, or perhaps that already exists, and that is going to be so powerful as to take around ten million White men, women and children away to a virgin land or a conquered land where they are going to be starved, beaten to death, thrown into the sea, put to work on plantations like machines round the clock; where they are going to be whipped and flogged all day-and-night long every day-and-night, and where they are going to be burned alive, cast away like dirty animals, deprived of the most basic human entitlements, raped, humiliated, discriminated etc. etc.?

Five hundred years have gone, with a substantial number of generations and therefore a great number of reincarnations in the White race, and we are still waiting. When is this going to happen?

This is my only problem with the law of the Karma. And perhaps you may need to pay some particular attention to what I am trying to say here; because not only is it possible to find it ridiculous to put the issue this way, it also makes me sound like a blood-thirsty, resentful, vindictive, rotten Black demon, desperate to see White people in trouble, in compensation for what they did to Black people. There are even people who are now more likely to accuse Black people of being incapable to “get over it!”

First of all, I do not see any good reason why they should be asked to get over it. The Jews are still very sensational about what happen to them in Germany 60 years ago (their European spiritual brothers even join in with them to commemorate the ‘Holocaust Day’ every so and so). They are even still very passionate about what happened to them in Egypt over 3,000 years ago (their Christian sympathisers all over the word can’t help implanting their terrible story into the heads of their proselytes). Why should Black people be summoned to get over what happened to them in the Americas and the Caribbeans? Secondly, I am not interested in vengeance. I am only talking in terms of the technicalities related to the law of the Karma as explained by the teachers. My only passionless and technical point is that if the law of the Karma really exists, there has to be a group of approximately ten million White men, women and children who have to suffer under some other human race exactly the same sort of way in which White people made a group of approximately ten million Black men, women and children suffer, not because I want to see it, but because it has to happen, at least, for the law of the Karma to prove itself.

So, why are we not getting approximately ten million White people enslaved exactly the same sort of way in which White people enslaved approximately ten million Black people? Where is the Karma?

I recently visited a very wise man with great knowledge on divine mysteries and to whom I put this question; because I really needed an answer. The man laughed and laughed and laughed, at the end of which he turned to me to tell me that I was just missing the point by putting the matter that way. According to his knowledge of divine mysteries, there is another law, within the Karma’s bundle of laws, which is called upon by the spirit of the Karma in certain situations. That law is very similar to the “law of consolidation”; but it is rather known as the “law of harmonisation”. By that law, people from different races, nations, affiliations and so on, who have committed similar types of sins can be forced to reincarnate in one common place where they are all meant to be hit by one common harmonised type of compensation, making cosmic justice easier to carry out.

In the light of this explanation, it seems that there were Arabs, Chinese, Persians, Malaysians, Russians, Maya, Spanish, Zulu, Sinhala, Norwegians, Luba, English, Wolof, Italians etc. etc. who might have ill-treated their servants in their previous lives and whose souls may have been commanded by this Law to be reincarnated in West Africa where they were all going to be hit by the slave trade for a joint compensation.

It sounds like a fairy tale. But it might not be one. And if you think about it very carefully, you will surely find that this explanation is pretty meaningful in the sense that it seems to be telling us that the slave trade was not necessarily an evil, racist enterprise aiming to brutalise Black people for being Black, but rather a cosmic compensation aiming to punish people from all races in the world who had behaved very badly in their previous lives but who had to be reincarnated in one common geographical point that was going to be hit by the slave trade; but a geographical point that was just randomly inhabited by Black people. Hence they happened to be Black.

If you think about this seriously, don’t be surprised if you finally come to the realisation that what we are actually being taught here is that all the cruelties that took place during the transatlantic trade were not aimed at Black people, but rather at bad people who just happened to be Black due to the “cosmic law of harmonisation”.

The implications of this deduction are quite huge, particularly in the sense that we are led to attain to an instance of our conscience where we tend to be spared of the energy that we spend to feel for the victims of the slave trade; since they were only bad people paying for their own inequities. This deduction is particularly meaningful in the sense that we are equally spared of another amount of energy that we spend trying to fight against those that we hold responsible for the cruelties of the slave trade, since they were only executing a cosmic law. In fact, we tend to realise that nothing bad really happened. It was only a cosmic law doing its job – cosmic justice.

We may really need to make some effort to put ourselves in the shoes of those who believe in these things if we are to make any sense of the point to be made here. We may even have to put ourselves in God’s own shoes if we accept that this law is most certainly a divine law; because what is happening here is quite serious. We are in a very disappointing stalemate. Some people have brutalised others very badly; and we are trying to count on a divine law that is supposed to bounce back to them; but it seems that this law makes allowances and compromises in a way that may even now result in the full cancellation of the expected compensation; and, on top of all that, we now seem to be learning that the victims of these cruelties did actually deserve their plight; it does even sound as if they might have been serious criminals who might only have had to be castigated for their own crimes. This is very serious.

Remember: the reason why I said that I personally did not believe in the Karma was because I could not see how the law of the Karma would get ten million White people enslaved in exactly the same sort of way in which White people had enslaved ten million Black people during the slave trade. It is true that nothing is impossible to the Divine Law; but all things that are possible to God are possible because they are propitious to His Law, not simply because anything is possible to Him. The idea of ten million White people being treated the same sort of way as ten million Black people in the Americas and the Caribbeans during and after the slave trade is very hard to visualise, not because science fiction specialists would not be able to make such a movie, but rather because it is simply not happening.

Therefore, either the law of the Karma does not exist, or the perpetrators of the cruelties of the slave trade were all innocent executors of the Law, put into motion by the Law Itself to punish bad people who just happened to be Black.

From here, we may have to take on board the assumption that the souls of such innocent torturers – the White slavers of the Americas and the Caribbeans – will never have to reincarnate to go through similar plight as those ten million bad men in black skin. So, we are quit.

And, trust me; I myself was absolutely certain, on the basis of this conclusion, that we were finally quit, until something else made me think again. In fact, the issues that we are dealing with in this exploration is really not just about ten million very bad people from all around the world who just happened to be Black from West Africa where they were meant to be hit by innocent torturers for cosmic compensation four-hundred years ago. Actually, it would be too naïve to believe that this is the whole issue. It is not. The problem is that most people look at the matter through historical lenses. But this is not the main angle. If you look at it through sociological lenses you will not fail to observe that the torture of Black people goes far beyond the slave trade. It is not a matter of one historical event, in one specific geographical point, in one determined period of time. No. It is now – if it has not always been so – rather a universal [spaceless and timeless] rule.

If the Karma really exists, it seems that we are living in a period of the sovereign time when all people from all races and nations and affiliations who have committed and keep committing any type of cruelties have to be reincarnated as Black to collect their compensation. The Black race now appears to be, in God’s own mind, as far as I can see it, the most appropriate race for all people in the whole world who have to pay for their sins to be born in. It seems to have become an established spaceless and timeless cosmic rule that you have to be born Black if you have to be brutalised for your sins.

Natural calamities and tragic incidents of all types, including military conflicts, happen in all places around the world, and considerable numbers of people suffer and die in these instances (they are all most certain inscribed in the mechanics of the law of the Karma). But none of them is about suffering inflicted to men by other men on a daily basis on the grounds of their distaste for the way they look. This kind of Karma is quite difficult to discern.

If you have an attentive eye and a sensitive heart to receive what is going on over the five inhabited continents of our planet, you will surely devote at least a few minutes once in a while to cry over what you see happening to people of black skin. It is very hard to watch. It makes me explode in tears quite often. And this is the problem that I am trying to bring to your attention here. If it is truly for Karmic reasons that this is happening, what is it that, in God’s understanding of human evolution, makes Black people so appropriate for torture to the point of turning an entire human section into a Karmic target?

On the other hand, if it is possible to emit the hypothesis that the reason for this to happen may not have much to do with the law of the Karma, and therefore that the law itself might not exist at all, what is it, then, that, in human psychology, makes a Black man so good to torture?

When we get to a question with no answer such as this one, most of us turn to superstition. I have met some people who have told me that the whole thing must be due to the fact that our world is dominated by evil. So, the people who have been torturing Black people on a daily basis over the past four-hundred years are simply evil people.

But there is, then, a question that needs answering in this case. What kind of evil is conditioned by skin colour? What is wrong with evil always tending to choose Black? What is the link between evil and Black? Why does evil love Black so much? – To be clear, the actual question, here, as the author has so well put it on the front cover of this book, is: what is wrong with Black people?

I have finally come to the surprising conclusion that the law of the Karma does actually exist. Yes, it does!

But, just one thing is to be noted. The law of the Karma is not just a simplistic kill-to-kill law as a compensation rule for people’s mortal sins. It is even much deeper than the notion of sin itself. In fact, it goes beyond good and evil. In much clearer terms, the Black people who get brutalised every day in the world today are not necessarily former sinners who have to be hit by daily brutality to pay for their sins. No. They are something else; and they are paying for something else. All I can say here is that “What is Wrong with Black People?” (ISBN 978-1-84799-323-6), is the only book that can help us understand what is actually going on; because the book simply personifies a totally different type of intuition, where the most unsuspected – yet, the most damning – causes of the suffering and the struggles of Africans in today’s world are not only laid open with courage, but also resolved with vision

Joe Mintsa was born in the present Gabon, Central Africa, on May 1st 1974. After completing his studies of philology and American history at the University of Libreville in 1998, he immediately migrated to England for further studies – a sojourn that then turned into a painful journey of reflection on the moral and political crises of his world. After the publication of The Sum of all Doubts (2004) – an essentially aphoristic but extremely sagacious work of fiction on religion and politics –, the release in Paris of his French title: Les Mythes du Recaptif (2005), and that of Third Mind (2006), What is Wrong with Black People? (2007) is now the book that features his outmost incisive delivery on the subject of the distressing struggles of the most deprived human species of the world, and more particularly African species. Joe Mintsa is a philologist, historian and an accomplished freelance investigator in the field of Political Anthropology. He currently lives in Brighton, England, (UK).


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Universe People, Twilight Spirit’s Sinfonia, First Chapter Birthday Party

Posted by admin | Posted on 28-10-2010

Category : Region I

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Universe People, Twilight Spirit’s Sinfonia, First Chapter Birthday Party

The story completeness fiction, it’s completeness coincidence if same.

Universe People

Twilight Spirit’s Sinfonia

First Chapter Birthday Party

Great universe, light and dark both life. On the sky, flying comet seems sword through out of darkness space, then bring flash. History looks like a huge wheel drive step of future. Glitter starts talk heroes stories again and again. From long standing Milky Way galaxy, to gestate a seven colors bright jewel, it’s earth. Long ages onrush, cold face to calamities and catastrophes, even callosity comet baptism. But still strong to life day and day, rise head and stick heart in progress continuly. Numbers of brave scientists and explorers research universe mysteries with almost time in life. One hundred centuries were passed, seek out thirty door of worlds finally. To page new worlds for human, for universe.

Galaxy Interstellar Map Empire was born in the earth. Histories recorder strongly stand and never laxation in second. G.I.M.E. having expansion lands, also rule ten thousands of stars. Giant spaceships, fleets come and go in firmament shuttlely. Under sunshine, mapping great grandness. Long upon ages historical G.I.M.E. ten thousands of refulgencing in the Universe, initiator of empire although became historical dust, but he has kept back mightness kingdom still influence to development of future world forever. The empire had begun to invade spaces Ancient age, self-domain expand very very far stars. Other countries step by step fell down by empire iron-hoof. Until encounter S.S.U.K. (Specialties element Solar system Union Kingdom). A mystery and unknown and higher prosperity and full-ambition country.

Herefrom, ceaseless war couldn’t stop, overspreaded on the sky. Universe become happy battlefield themselves.

G.I.M.E. Empire premier is Liyidan. He unprecedented expending total tax 25% of empire each year, to build 36 invincibility stars that over empire places concern tens of solar systems, because strongthen to status standing gigantic. In spited of against power from inside and outside of empire. For future of G.I.M.E., for overcome S.country, agreed to build 36 stars plan. Invincibility stars so huge, projects of construction have passed three centuries, only 20% finished in whole plan. 30,000,000,000 workers with responsibility for per one, the premier self-choose to consturct objects of planet. One side that he was discussing about plan with ministers and senators, One side thought about where are suitable places. That time, two flashing stars showed in the eyes. Liyidan held gravitation pen with left hand, then reached out light hand decisionly, sovereign pointed Double Stars(D.S.) on the space map in construct direction…

Horizon without end, a planet gestate billions of life that still along special orbit peaceful. There’s Life Star of Double Stars. Undifficult discover with overlook, none but one half of earth, she also much beautiful and affecting. Double Stars is beautiful twin planets. Seems dazzle precious stones emitting different colors and rays and light. Sky-bule sea cover 50% of surface of D.S., no-end land have lived all kind of organism. Flourish forest have happyness animal song. Swind softly blowing to green-field and plain. People bright ride on animals without sad. Double Stars both beautiful and joyful lands, age-old legends. Cry one’s hearts out of DinDa Sea, drawing poem of TreeSigh Sea, booming energy of Sunshine Continent, gold way of singer of Dream Land, to proof humanstic in the Darkness Land, Sky Col stories move everyone to praise and tear, Survival Ocean dead-hard hero legends, full of cunning and strange Order-Pin Ocean, Starship Land warrior fames, unbelieveable AncientInsect Land, colors mountain, ground in Colours Land, life and death contest at Flame Islands, explorers travel of Ice Islands, inferno exercise in the Great Gravitation Islands, nature pavilion of Shield Land, pirates cave both Survival Island and Wallop Island. God animal legend flying on OusideSky Lake, waterfull are high up in the air of SkyIland, whole and all are creating by nature.

Moon light flash to First SunShine content, apparent quiet at all. A couple of lover closed one another on the soft green sidehill, both quietly gaze the eyes of night, environment does a little thing. One love and archness white dog was playing beside, jumped and ran. Suddently, a group of busy persons broke silent. They’re smile and happy and song, It’s looks like celebrate feast. Young girl’s face further closed to boy, Slowly asked boyfriend what’s happened.

Boy finger touched up girl’s chin, deep kissed little mouth, smile spoke to her,“Today is Onhogo’s birthday.”

She’s shy and shrinked into oneself, body seems model ‘S’, a few anger hit boyfriend’s breast, and asked him,“Is he big mustache ironsmith?”

Man kaka smile answered,“Impossibility, I mean said he is top commander of life star, M.G.I.E. Shield of Universe.”

An embraced a grip, girl touched boy’s shoulder with hair,“I see.” She said.

Moon-color unclear, busy sound more and more great. Whether village and small town, or big street and alleyway, happyness at the same.

One of corner of pub, a young man drinked beer. He has dressed a silver gown, and unhappy. Expression in him eyes with different. A Long hair soldier came in the pub , he want to seek out someone and look around. In the end, he found silver man, soldier laugh mouth in second.

Approaching and spoke,“Brother Shuda, you have a good time with drink here. Decorate with lanterns and streamers in everyplace of palace, so beautiful! Come on! Follow me to enjoy everthing.”

Shuda is standard-businessman of Double stars from far Universe Empire Star, and there’s hometown himself. When he’s boy, tall Shuda like to play society life and go to everywhere. But this time dumbness than before. Shuda glanced soldier,

Coldly answered,“I’m so sorry, Zuode. I don’t want to go.” Zuode is belong to a regular army of Double Stars, to server border station of trade all the year around. To meet trader Sunda by a chance.

Zuode said again,“Brother, you are a G.businessman. Could drinking alone here? OK, nothing. I’ll have a drink with accompany.”

Great music into Sunda’s ears, who big drink with rush,“Fine brother, let us drink.” He talked.

Pub were increasing noize, and busy. Hurry steps more and more sounder. A team of soldiers walked into this place. Captain of soldiers blowly obeisance and said to other table man near Shuda,

“Nice to meet you, honor Mr. Luohu. Our commander Kue invite you talk about something at palace, for celebration.”

2 meter tall Louhu waved to waiter of pub, To make a demand of firewater, then answered “Yes, no problem.”

Had a great drink, wish because not enough satisfaction and was licking leavings mouth besides.

Slowly rose up, giant body suddenly more light at the pub, armor piece of coat flashing in body light. Fiery, quadrel face always show sly smile. He joined normal army of D.S., but finally quit, because his aforetime commander ordered him to do hate thing, everything. He became Reward Hunter late, he had used hands to capture 72 affray guys without weapon in the hotel. also Louhu besieged by number of terrorists, whole fell down by he just fast-shoot in five minutes of short time. Also more hardly combated with Dake of Flame Astro-Robber three days and nights on the wide star-space, no winner at last. People happened to coincide this super muscles man with looking, all knew famous Reward Hunter of D.S. Nobody escaped his FivefingerMountain as long as he promised arrest.

Luohu patted dust from coat, and did a stretch. Then Say,“I have accomplished a mission, now another deal coming. Good, very good, hum~.”

He had a turn about, One black, luxury car stopped, waiting him nearly. He’s surveyed it, the car is 4.5 meter long, jet black and bright, Nobleness and feeling line sense. There’s V. Family symbol of havey crystal metal in front and center on the car body，four small force systems under carriager besides. Perfect drive and information system, driver can easy master everything on way.

Luohu light smile, then talked,“Hum-hum, better than rubbish car. OPEN!” he got on, it’s back car slow flight to palace.

Shuda still quiet sitting and drinking, thought about something. Zuode continued to talking about interesting feast at celebration from palace.“Do you remember fool-bird ZhangSan? When he’s drunk, allways hold a pillar of building and Wu,Wu, also thinking that is a bigger beer-cup himself. As a result, new little holes will express on pillar. Are you remember LiSi? Unnormal man, dizzy got into women bathroom. Angry person threw him out, to use the nails or claws to dig, scrap, or wound, then his coat become tatter. My aunt Zhang of neighbourhood, everyone know she’s bad tamper. Husband did a lose in the gambling, and lost many money, discourage back home and tell wife something. He said she’s sold by him, because no more money pay. Guess what’s action from aunt Zhang? She gorgeously dressed, went to gambling place. Make a lot of troubles to gambling place, there’s no guest during a week. The gambling place boss is forced to set free them. Oh, They’re reunited again. So happy , ha…ha…”

Female drawer near his table, she’s Tongliang, always hat a branch tine cap, usually say to people that cap is beloved man gift. She’s drawing tights of sport, needle nose, stream eyes. Little mouth likes half moon when smile. Tongliang like to drawing. Whenever drawing speed very fast, because having good insight. Beautiful pictures are created by her hands, every one likes writing, they’re popular and vivid. Tongliang is silently drawed image of Shuda. Young and handsome on picture, big gaunt eyes. He’s forehead, chain had transistor jewelry of tattoo, crystal cuff and gold, glitter leather shoes. He glanced sideways, then continued to drink.

The paintress closed mouth and smile, then asked to him,“Would you tell me where are you from? Handsome brother. I making a trouble from your chin, this place have jet-black goatee. Especially earring on your ears, but looks like rare.”

Zuode got a load of her with spin eyes, little dander spoke,“Hi, great painter. Why don’t you go to palace? There are very jollification.”

Zhuda a looked on the palette, asked her,“Why are you usually like to paint Nature and Human?” Then said that, “Nothing, earring here you are.” Picked off earring and gave to her.

She hold it by hands at once, then smile replied,“Shuda brother, thanks a lot.” then had a little frug, and standed away.

“Hey, What’s wrong with you? Got thing and fast run?” She runing and answered,“I’m going to palace, I have a beautiful earring, They will admire me. Bye-bye.”swiftly, rode on small car and going to palace on way.

Shuda had a wave and said,“Does nothing, nothing, let her go.” Zuode’s flat nose made a hum,“Humm…” then talked,“She very easy got a good thing.”

There’re still jollification at street, hubbub, singing, cheers, etc. whole interweaved, all seem pleasant-listen and jolliness march those increasing happy atmosphere for feast.

An elder had on feast costume, dancing with a group of junior. They’re were surrounding stone statuary, the calvous statuary is Onhogo. Powerful hands and feet, order backbone needle as growing along to coccyx, It’s alive as a huge dinosaur. The elder’s wife had a rhythm patted below a window curtain, and looking them.

Onhogo has astro-king of engage-soldier name in G.I.M.E. He was born in the Double Stars. Three hundred years ago, he’s one of military major In G.I.M.E. UniverseFleet, no more than. It’s said that because of he’s showed up excellent combated action to S.Country army. It’s Nominated by V.Family, to join ‘War Proof Competition’ in the G.I.M.E. per 50 years. Onhogo has depended on oustanding action at the combat test, also got a well appreciation from Empire Premier. On the long and far astro-battle career, he gradually become a very importance character in the army. Countless history people were crushed under his iron-fist without retrieval, To bring G.I.M.E. in the highnest fashion for a period, it’s so called the Shield Centuries. Nowaday, he’s Territory Defense Minister, Military four-star general, It’s command 60 percent military strength of G.I.M.E, great power on hand. Bace on excatly great effort from him, Double stars are bcoming prosperity and rich and popular. Some areas of people have living in the carefree life. Moreover V.Family has climbed up and counted as one of the best family because his full power hands in the Great Ten Family of Empire.

Today, Double Stars high spirts, exciting everywhere. Because the day is Onhogo’s birth day. V.Family are celebrateing great banquet for birthday.

Field of countryside, fencing flame are swing or waving, Villagers arm in arm a circle at a heap of the flame, and have some chats. One child ravenously devoured savory. Child’s mother stealth smiled beside because of his action. Old elders lifted cups with cheerful, full of young spirits boys and girls were having joy games, sometimes secretly making an ogle for adoration.

At corner of town square, many citizen looking on the great performer evening. audiences degustating festal snack and seeing wounderful action from stages at the same time. Children slyly climbed on father’s shoulder, curiously looked around exciting act at the play.

Tradespeople together and celebrate for big harvest.

Even artists were instant made a drawing or writing for follow this day, conceive vision to flourish tomorrow.

Soldiers and officers got allow of commander who enjoying to a long vacation. Workers have stoped routine, to busy celebrate feast. People smile and laugh, people singing and cry. Because gread leader bring fine living, bring sumless hopes too. In the religion meeting of cities, thousands upon thousands followers together pray for D.S. future, also for great Onhogo. Countless smoke-flowers set free on the sky, feastal gifts dancing and flying on the wind.

But these looking can’t behave everything of Double Stars. Straight Oppressived nations still catching breath, heavy gasp. They’re still waiting for a chance coming, and then hate bite to Onhogo. Serveal Hundred of years has passed, some of Human, Never succumbed Natureism, irreconcilable Dark nation, capricious Die-hard nation, all silently waiting, it’s for the day will be come.

One child of Natureism had shrinking into oneself at the shadow and wet corner, closing smelly garbage bin. There’s some bats smells and dirtiness. The child hadn’t eaten food or water since three days ago, suffering hunger and cold. His parents were forced to bond service during bondage labor, even don’t give them a breath or a fresh air, Still they’re hurtly die under feet. The Child only living alone in the world. Little boy often pray parents of heaven for guardianship. Tire and looseness eyesight gazed to wonder action from other people, ignorance full him mind, He such baby. One spareness and pitiful cat lamely came to child. He tightly carried and held it on breast. Carefully wrapped its little bad foot with rag. Lightly said,“Don’t cry, loving cat.” “Meow, meow”poor cat understood. One builder of Greats had passing the alleyway, then discovered him. Builder had seen and slow said,“It’s so pity baby.” Giant builder soft asked,“A little friend, where’s your mother?” Child opened big eyes as horror, shaked head again and again, and answered,“uncle, uncle, father said he going to heaven with mother, late will be back.” Gaint builder had a shaked head,let out a sigh, it couldn’t bared in heart, a few cheat said,“You dad is my good friend, he may be late to go back home. He told me to care you, we can go to eat some test good beef. Is it good?” Childishly answered from child’s mouth,“Yes, yes, gaint uncle. Thank you, thank you.”

Gaint builder carried him in the center of palm with great care, then put child on shoulder oneself, child held the little cat as well, they’re disappeared in crowds at the street. There’s a pub near garbage bin, It’s Although 200 square meter small, but very popular. The pub have a beautiful landlady, and she’s Zhunhua. She’s a survivalist human from war, has rescued by military officer in a calamity, then the officer became her husband also help to build a pub. She has good speech, not only beauty, but also well cooking. Therefore the pub so popular, many soldiers or officers like to dinner and play at pub. Today is the highest commander’s birthday of Double Stars. It’s good reason saying that will have a lot of armymen come to. Zhunhua and waiters so busy, because many customers, because everybody have a good time.

A guest amusedly called,“Beautiful landlady! I want to like 5 k.g.(kilogram) fire beef, a good barrel of sweet beer. I demand these to great drink for my brothers!” Zhunhua fast answered,“Soldier brother, don’t hurry up, will be come.” Two waiters immediately exerted strength to hold food and beer from kitchen for guests. Another officer called her at one side,“Hey, I like to a cole. There’s almost nothing, come on!” Zhunhua acted up and replied,“Don’t impatience, give you soon.” Hubbub, drinking, cheers sounds from guests in the inside and outside.

An astro shuttleship going to Double Stars. It’s became a little spark in second.

A luxury black car flying to the great palace in the evening. The palace above 500 kilometre wide, there is the widest and biggest building in the Double Stars.

There’s regionalized Outer City, Middle City, Inner City, and Inner Castle.

Outer City belong to Royalty-guarder section. Many D.S.battalion establishment can find in this area. There’s a huge army garrison in the Outer City of Palace, military strength totall above 3.5 million. Every morning, 50 kilometre, citizen all can hear practice sound in the outside. Strict military discipline Royalty-guarder are guarding the palace every day and night. Whole making better than regular army. All guarders adorn regalia of V.Family: an ancient silvery-white dragon made a freely flying pose for great area, daedal V is good supported by its back. On the background, a symbol of starschart of D.S., it’s show to scan universe, and pround flying on the sky with vigour. That regalia reflecting great nobleness, and intense enterprising spirit family style.

Middle City of Palace living V.wisdomers and ministers, they’re needn’t uniform coat, because this manner can standing out special personality, and V.Family’s flexible and variety idea. There’s at the same honour, noble dignity for living people’s identity, status. Their every action or moving influence to development and future of Double Stars.

Inner City of Palace are belong to royal family and noble family, there is one of living places too. They’re also many way to assist and guide D.S. to prosperisty, rich and powerful. Inner Castle belong to V.Family King. magnificence palaces were builded by environment metal, those the best firm material, it’s can following a king desire to change building form, obvious feature of Double Stars. Insider place have royalguard units, they’re duty for defense, everyone is outstanding and faithfulness in the ten thousand of armymen. V.wisdomer elder GongGu is commander of royalguard, very important minister of V. Family. He’s living in the Double Stars since 1000 years ago. Three eras were passed, but still loyal, devoted control royalguard army and participate afraid for 3 kings day after night. GongGu have four very excellent warriors, SpringBroadsword, SummerAx, AutumnSword, WinterGun, they’re together commanding to 70,000 the best royalguards. SpringBroadsword was a hobo, worked at killer job in the gangsterdom. lof of victims are very difficulty counted in dead, they’re died by his broadsword therefore people call him ‘B.S.overlord’. Afterward he’s discovered by GongGu in an assassination course. He quickly became a captain of 4 royalguard captains in a night.

SummerAx is a blood and iron warrior, have excellent physical strength, because GongGu bring up him. Although he’s 1.6 meter short, but hold up 3 ton weight ax each hand. When he every time use huge axes to practice, line upon line heat wave blowing on people’s body, and form to immense air-vortex, therefore people call him ‘SummerAx’.

AutumnSword’s real name is EaSuit, because he like Autumn, therefore call AutumnSword himself. he’s a warrior from Biochemistry people, fame name’s ‘SwordMonster’.

WinterGun is Diamond Contract-soldier of Double Stars. He is good at shoot skill. In his career, nobody defeated him on face. He had a decisive battle to 5000 dark mercenaries upon jokul. Even the flying snow all over the sky and a lot of killers , but he still safetly walked out battle during a day fight action. therefore people call ‘WinterGun’. of course four warriors have guard responsibility for the legality king, and king name is Charle. Guan Ⅳ., he’s 200 ages, strong and young. He’s father was the best general of G.I.M.E. and father name is Charle. Guan Ⅲ. But Charle. Guan Ⅳ looks like an everyman. This is second main reason why Charle. Guan Ⅲ died with a grievance regret. However, Chare.Guan Ⅳ yet have many brothers and sisters. They have a same father, but different mother. They’re living other Planets, master to local power and force in some definite degree, these form to Firmness offspring strength of V.Family. Chare.Guan Ⅳ’s wife is R. Czesua, from literary R.Family, She’s award to Quiet Queen name by G.I.M.E. She’s son is Dak. GuanⅤ, just two years.

Skyey EmperySwordTower is power symbol in the Double Stars. It’s seems greatness skysword straight insert to First Sunshine Continent. The structure of building is very complexity. SwordTower have four very very hard towers of defense around, have ability to withstand enemy army from sea, continent, and sky. Many spaceflight military bases on the outer wall of E.S.T., ten thousands of empery battleplanes can easy flying-off and landing or make a total war. Inner of E.S.T. is floating office block, 100 hundreds of officers deal with numerous affairs everyday. Chare.GuaⅣ and ministers often together for important meetings in this place. Top of E.S.T. is a floating structure overlooking an extensive view, whole Little Sea in the eyes.

Maze palace corridor like a China dragon, threatening appearance of something, as through fog or darkness, it’s wreathing all palaces. Check station seted per 150 meter in the palace corridor, 5 or 10 royalguards defending. If uninvited guest come to, they won’t easy escaped even equipped wings. Many hight speed running defence-barbette on the Top of corridor, they’re capable of ground to air or ground to ground long distance attack. Both sides of corridor have intelligentized shield. If enemy army pounce palace, the shield will encase corridor everywhere, avoid to enemy shellfire. Also effectively use attack tactics and defence tactics to combat with D.Barbette .

Crystal art building give daze feeling to some people, these’re V.Family had robbed rich prize from Colours Land. 1500 years ago, V.Family had a decisive battle to Apparition nation, and the war started in the Colours Land, near Wisedomer Ocean. Whether V.Family or Apparition, both cruel and losing. Apparition king thought that the war have no end. Therefore, A.king have give ‘heart’ to V.Family for peace forever. Under different ray effection, crystal building can mapping different texture of colours. Different kind crystal building have different effection, people can full body feeling to sense and human nature or physical existence, including weaknesses. For example, It’s can clear up some diseases, can improve people’s blood pressure, can speed to manbody’s metabolism. Can enhance some special nation skills in the crowd or so.

Full of emperor vigour in the luxury hall, usually give guests agape and exclamation. Luxury hall seems vehicle that can operate both on land and in water. Not only ability to move or rise up, but also dive Little Sea for enjoying outlook of seabed, even view and admire to sunup, ground sea on the surfy offing, countless rare treasures are exhibited: Fire Sword of farmer warrior, mystery words chisel, the one and only power and beautiful sword in the galaxy, the first military uniform from ‘twelve constellation commander’ of G.I.M.E. invaluable dimand crown, bad fist system from Onhogo. Carved crystal hammock, little silver dragon’s bone, beautiful empire space chart of double stars, 350 G.I.M.E. honour medals of Onhogo, etc, hogs will very thirstied.

At the moment, there is center of luxury hall, ten thousands of guests enjoying and dancing in the beautiful music from worlds. Guests have empire royal, have famer heroes, great positional wisdom elder, have well know warriors, have very rich businessman, have good name noble of world. Some Number guests happy having a chat, some piquant children have fun with robots, one of child suddenly run to crowd of guests from someone croner of hall. ‘baby sitter robot’say to him back again and again,“Dear,dear, come back, come back, do.” The child get into and out dancing crowd againg, Such as though a love bee play in fresh flowers. The child continue to straight along,

no wariness sliped up on the floor, big cry at once. Guests aren’t attention him, because they know why. The child ask,“Why no people care me? Waul! Waul! I need mom! I need father! Wol!” At moment, huge shadow cover him. A meter 7 tall giant gently hold the boy on the hand back, and ask him,“Hi, little elfin, did you want to find father?” The child turn big eyes, and tear long and strong eyebrow from giant. Answered that,“Ha, his in my apple.” Giant ha ha smile spoke,“How bigger apple in your home?” Little boy akimbo and sip,“Wu… my father and my mother said me like that apple in the eyes, of course they’re my apples.” Guests smiling surrounding. A ‘baby sitter robot’ and a couple close gaint, and honour have a salute, man spoke,“Honour Mr. Onhogo, I’m so sorry, my boy don’t listen to me, and gave you worry.” Onhogo have a little act to big eyebrow himself, smile explain say,“Nothing, nothing.” The child fast run to parents, Onhogo show the whiteness teeth, laugh said,“Today is my birthday, we only need happyness. Ho~ha~.” A wisdom of elder quiet tell him,“It’s time to make a speech, please master say some words on the dais.” His understood answered,“Yes, right.” Turn to dais. rich sound immediately over the hall, “I’m so happy, because my friends came to here, celebration for my birthday. I great thanks for everyone’s support. In the G.I.M.E. history onrush, we’ve branded good legend forever. Today, we’re together here, It’s god’s arrange of mind. Also solidarity power lead me and you. I remember Empire premier Liyidan said that,“Power is not express on the unbreakable armor, It’s good faith, solidarity, and cooperation spirit.” When I think about this words, I will affected. I hope , I believe too, even we’ve difficulty a great gulf fixed, as long as make solidarity power for G.I.M.E. for our society, for future ourself! Whether V.Family in the anyplace, your support and help, certainty increasing strong to stronger. If have V.Family, we will become the most power family in the universe!” When the speech is end, applause and cheering sound immediately in the hall. All guests gladly blessed for speecher.

A small group of Formalization orderly came to hall with good-listening music.

G.I.M.E.F. are differend to regular army. Formalization are behavior of empire oustanding. They’re best and best. Both wisedom and brave or others, Formalization better than regular soldier. They’re responsibility for foreign mission, they’ve commander power in some degree too. A beautiful girl close to Onhogo, and the Formalization company with her. All guests attented to this young girl. She’s dressing one-piece of empire symbol ensign, glitter starlight matel coat cann’t cover her flowery. Girl suddenly become focus. She’s honour spoke,“Honor Onhogo, allow me to introduce myself. My name is GianJing, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of G.I.M.E. We proundly bring birthday gift for you. Whole empire people blessing, happy birthday.” GianJing continuing,“Honorific, dignity Onhogo. The gift will full of devoir and glory, please.” Birthday slow open upon everyone eyes. A gout of warmmer airflow overflow from gift box. Whole hall full of harmoniousness, people suddenly feeling good. Guests came into gaze the gift. Greenery fresh flower emiting aroma underfire, leaves colours soon flowing in pistil inside or outside. Sightly down flash grain, audiences seem seeing countless bright eyes along with greenery’s dancing, blink and blink. GianJing keep up say,“The fresh flower has grown in empire national treasure, Sunshine fire stone, 5000 years per blossom out, only 10,000 years per one of flowers seared, they’re G.I.M.E. invaluable dignity symbol. Whole empire only existing 9, a fireflowers belong to Empire premier Liyidan, nowaday, one of fireflowers will present for honor Onhogo.” Guests open big eyes, they have never seen this since was born, everybody admire and admire. Soldiers shout in order,“Honor Onhogo, happy birthday! Honor Onhogo, happy birthday!” Congratulation again and again whole palace. Onhogo had a wave, and spoke,“Everbody continue to dancing , merrymaking.” Renew in hall. Flower smoke and salutes slow open on sky, astro-fleet low level flying. An officer closing and make a salute, then reported,“Honor captain Onhogo, the army will congratulation for you, please to Top of E.S.T.” Onhogo answered,“Good!” with the direct, guests go to Top of E.S.T. outlooking building installed on the top of E.S.T. It’s float limited feature. Dazzling man-made skylight guide the people to top of E.S.T. m.m. skylight likes KongMing light of ancientry in China. Ablity to specifically blaze land on hight without others. A variety of delicacy pictures complect up and down and show in the hight air. To look down, inspect armies as sumless ant, a lot of armies like changing grids with rule in the land. To look into the distance, many gold glitter spacecrafts arrange in order. To look up, countless guide missile of feast company great singing over air, then they’re such fresh flower happy blossom out. Soldiers shout in order again, “Honor Onhogo, happy birthday! Honor Onhogo, happy birthday!” Congratulation still again and again whole palace. Onhogo shout to land,“Thanks, thanks!”

D.S. people are raptureing, may be whole empire.

Occupational Therapy: A Career Helping People Recover

Posted by admin | Posted on 09-10-2010

Category : Region V

Tags: , , , , ,

Occupational Therapy: A Career Helping People Recover

General Overview

The main role of the occupational therapist is to assist people who have been injured or who have been disabled since birth to recover or learn the skills using adaptations that will help them be more independent in everyday life. Occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy are often confused. OT deals mainly with fine motor skills, such as using hands; physical therapy deals with the big muscle groups and associated skills, such as walking. Occupational therapy was rated the ninth least stressful job in America by “US News and World Report.”

Patients may make slow progress towards their goals. They may ignore instructions to practice therapy at home. Sometimes they even resent the time spent going to therapy and are angry that they even have to be there. In all of these situations, the occupational therapist must remain patient and try to motivate the patient and give him or her a view of what the future could be like if they follow through with instructions from the therapist.

Required Education

All OTs in the United States have gone through a master’s-level program that is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE). To graduate a pre-service occupational therapist must demonstrate his or her knowledge in a clinical setting for at least 24 hours. This field work is supervised. After graduating with a master’s degree, the next step is passing the national certification test. If passed, this test entitles the therapist to use the title “Occupational Therapist Registered” or OTR after his or her name.

Students who plan to continue their education in an OT master’s program can get undergraduate degrees in sociology, anthropology, psychology, liberal arts, biology or anatomy. Other similar bachelor’s degrees also go well with a master’s in occupational therapy. The actual OT courses include study of the behavioral sciences, physical sciences, life sciences and applying OT theory.

At present, ACOTE accredits four doctoral programs and 150 master’s and combined bachelor’s/master’s OT programs in the United States.

The top five occupational therapy programs in America, as ranked by “U. S. News and World Report” are as follows: Boston College Sargent, Washington University St. Louis, University of Southern California, University of Illinois Chicago, Tufts University Boston and the University of Kansas Medical Center.

Job Growth Expectations

Ranking as one of the top 50 best careers of 2010 by “U. S. News and World Report, ” occupational therapy is predicted to grow faster than other jobs. This is according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Work with the elderly in the OT field will be a large part of the increase.

Between 2008 and 2018, the number of OTs is expected to rise by 26%. In 2008, 105,000 people worked as OTs. By 2018, 131,300 people are expected to be working as OTs.

Pay

Mental health facilities, home health care services, public and private schools, hospitals and nursing homes are the main places where occupational therapists find work. A few work for themselves.

The average OT salary in 2008, as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, was ,780. The bottom 10% of therapists earned below ,820 and the top 10% earned over ,310 per year.

The average salary of an OT working in home health care services is ,510 a year. OTs working in nursing homes earned about ,510 a year and those doing occupational therapy in schools earned considerably less at ,020 per year.

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Famous People From Austin

Posted by admin | Posted on 24-08-2010

Category : Region IV

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Famous People From Austin

The city of Austin, Texas was settled in the early 1800′s and for nearly 200 years been a magnate for talent and visionaries. Austin has earned its reputation making the cut on several “ten best” lists from recognition for its going green efforts to one of the fastest growing cities in the nation. In addition to Austin[‘s collective achievements, the capital of The Lone Star State has been home to many a famous face, whether they were born there or migrated in to the Austin lifestyle and society.

1. Sandra Bullock. Actress, entrepreneur, and owner of the Bess Bistro, Walton’s Fancy and Staple, a bakery and florists shop in Austin, Texas. Ms. Bullock also hold’s the coveted title of “America’s Sweetheart”, a legacy few have earned since Mary Pickford. Married to Jesse James (Jesse who?)

2. Mathew McConaughey. Film actor and graduate from the Texas University of Texas at Austin. Mr. McConaughey was born in Uvalde, Texas, has lived in Longview and was a communications major at the University of Texas at Austin. He may also be the most famous person arrested in Austin when he was nabbed in 1999 for marijuana possession and disturbing the peace.

3. Wes Anderson. Film director born in Houston, Texas but would move to Austin to attend the University of Texas with a major in philosophy. Mr. Anderson’s feature film credits span from 1996 to present to include Bottle Rocket, Rushmore, Royal Tenenbaums, The Life Aquatic With Steve Zissou, and Darjeeling Limited.

4. Owen Wilson. Film actor. Mr. Wilson was born in Dallas, but would work with Austin resident, Wes Anderson, on several dramatic projects.

5. Jenna and Barbara Bush. Identical twin daughters of George W. and Laura Bush. Both girls graduated from the University of Texas at Austin.

6. Marcia Gay Harden. Film, television, stage and Academy Award winning actress who studied film production at the University of Texas at Austin. Ms. Harden has too many credits to list and is the recipient of multiple prestigious industry awards.

7. Andy Roddick. Andrew Stephen Roddick was born in Omaha, Nebraska, but lived in Austin during his early years. Roddick is a champion tennis player and holds the record for the fastest serve in the history of the sport.

8. Stevie Ray Vaughan. Born in Dallas, Mr. Vaughan was the recipient of more than a dozen Austin Music Awards and has been inducted into The Blues Hall of Fame. Tragically, Mr. Vaughan lost his life in a helicopter accident on August 27, 1990. He was just 35 years old.

9. Molly Ivins. Mary Tyler Ivins was born in Monterrey, Ca, but would later call Austin her home. Known for her sharp wit and political columns, Ms. Ivins led a distinguished career until her death from breast cancer in 2007. Ivins died in Austin at the age of 62.

10. Mike Judge. Funnyman, animator, screenwriter and director Mike Judge may be best known for creating Beavis and Butt-Head, Office Space and slew of additional credits in film and television. Mr. Judge lives in Austin and can be found playing guitar on the local circuit.

Working for other people by Rodney Howard Browne

Posted by admin | Posted on 23-08-2010

Category : Region I

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Working for other people by Rodney Howard Browne

Moses, the Prince of Egypt, alias Mr Perfect, watering animals? Why? Because Moses had just choked down the largest wedge of humble pie you can imagine. By this time, the person was prepared to do anything. Isn’t it engaging, though, that in this event Moses was allowed to be a deliverer on a terrifically smaller scale? Earlier, he had thought he was going to provision a country. But this time God recounted,’You need a job as deliverer? Then get on up and do it, son. Start here. There are seven girls here in Midian who need a champ at this moment.’ Moses might have shrugged it off. I am out of the delivery business.
Let somebody else do the job.’ But he did not. It was here Moses took his first steps in changing into a man of selfless dedication. The more youthful ladies would later tell their pa,’An Egyptian delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and what is more, he even drew the water for us and watered the flock’ ( v nineteen ).
if you are unable to do the good you would, do the good you can. You were going to draft a top selling book, but the opportunities just haven’t come along. Are you ready to draft for your church newsletter? Perhaps you wanted to teach in seminary or Bible faculty, but the pressures of life forced you in a different direction. Are you prepared to teach a fourth-grade Sun. University class? Are you up for leading a small group Bible study? Is it really the teaching that draws your heart, or is it the status that goes together with the position? Failure, you see, teaches us a servant’s angle. They need the polished part, the popular part. God will use our disasters and reversals to cultivate within us a servant’s heart. That’s step one.
In His care we are all safe,’ he gave a negative reply and horizontaIly.
They’d been given grain from Egypt free. All of the PM had asked was that they prove they were never spies by returning with their kid brother and asserting Simeon who had been left as a hostage. Yet Jacob saw none of this as God’s provision. He froze in fear and focused on a worst-case eventuality. As quickly as he heard they’d left their bro in Egypt, he jumped to the realisation that Simeon was dead. He started to sound paranoid and self-pitying.
Yet, with a fast peek in the background, as we sneak a peek thru the back door of the tent, we see Jacob as he actually is. It’s one thing for us to sit with book in hand and read the story, knowing what the end result will be, and say with a shrug,’I'll tell you this, I sure wouldn’t have done that. I may have trusted God if I had been in that situation.’ But would you really? Well, then why did not you trust Him last week? What was it that kept you from seeing God’s hand in that matter you could not handle last month? Call to mind your most recent major test.
Did you rest quietly in Him? Or did you push the panic button out of fear? A closed mind to something that is’s unexpected and new. Because, humanly chatting, you and I have been programmed toward defeat. We have formed habits of answer that leave God out of the picture.

About Rodney Howard Browne

Rodney Howard Browne explains that even in human relations, you can fail if you do not work on the relationship and if you leave everything up to the other person. WE are folk who need to stick to the Lord. Accept accountability for your life and your blessing ; don’t be lazy, lackadaisical, or untidy in your walk with the father ; do not take Him for granted. If you would like God’s best in your life, if you want His blessings, you want to press in to Him and stick to Him and His word as if your life depends on it as it does.
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Six Famous People From Iowa

Posted by admin | Posted on 31-07-2010

Category : Region III

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Six Famous People From Iowa

SIX FAMOUS PEOPLE

FROM IOWA

 KEOKUK  a chief of the Sauk Native American tribe who cooperated with the U.S. government which conflicted him with Black Hawk who had led part of the tribe into the Black Hawk War.  Keokuk County, Iowa and the town of Keokuk-where he’s buried are both named after him.  He was born in 1767 and died in 1848.

 APPANOOSE  was a Meskwaki chief who lived in Iowa during the 19th century.  Several places are named for this Native American;  Appanoose County, Appanoose County Community Railroad, USS Appanoose, a Crater class cargo ship was also named for him.

 Influential American evangelist BILLY SUNDAY was born in Ames, Iowa on November 19, 1862.  He played in major baseball leagues for 8 years until he converted to Christianity in the 1880s and went into the ministry.  He was a famous evangelist with his ‘colloquial sermons and frenetic delivery.’  He attracted large crowds.  He died of a heart attack on November 6, 1935, at the age of 72.

 GEORGE HORACE GALLUP was an American pioneer of survey sampling techniques and the inventor of the Gallup poll.  He was born in Jefferson, Iowa on November 18. 1901.  He earned his bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate degrees at the University of Iowa.  Gallup died from a heart attack at his summer home in Switzerland on July 26, 1984 at the age of 83.

 DONNA BELLE MULLENGER  (Reed is her stage name)was born on a farm in Denison, Iowa on  January 27, 1921.  She was a film and television actress known for her role in The Donna Reed Show, for 8 seasons beginning in 1958.  Her credits also included the film It’s a Wonderful Life (1946).  Donna died in Beverly Hills on January 14, 1986, of pancreatic cancer.

 HOWARD ANDREW WILLIAMS was born at Wall Lake, Iowa on December 3, 1927.  He had other names -  Andy Williams, A Voice of National Treasure, Mr. Moon River, to name a few.  Mr Williams sang traditional pop, jazz, and country music.  He was also a songwriter, actor, and producer. 

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